What happens when MAOIs are taken with tyramine-containing products?

When monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are taken with tyramine-containing products, a hypertensive crisis can occur. This is due to the way MAOIs function in the body. MAOIs inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for breaking down certain neurotransmitters and also for metabolizing tyramine found in various foods.

When tyramine is consumed in large quantities while taking MAOIs, it can lead to an excessive buildup of tyramine in the body. This buildup causes the release of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that can constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure significantly. The result is a hypertensive crisis, which is a medical emergency characterized by dangerously high blood pressure that can lead to severe complications, such as stroke or heart failure.

Understanding this interaction is crucial for anyone taking MAOIs, as certain dietary restrictions must be followed to avoid this serious reaction.